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What’s PCOS?
A complex hormonal condition known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects women of reproductive age, usually between the ages of 15 and 45. One of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in women, it is thought to impact 5–10% of women globally.
Although the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, it is thought to be the result of a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. High levels of insulin and androgens (male hormones) are common in PCOS patients, which can cause a variety of symptoms and metabolic and reproductive system imbalances.
Menstrual irregularities or absence, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), and the development of several tiny fluid-filled sacs (cysts) in the ovaries as detected on ultrasound are the defining characteristics of PCOS. Although they are not hazardous, these cysts might cause hormonal abnormalities.
A wide range of symptoms, including acne, weight gain or trouble decreasing weight, hair loss, and skin discoloration, are present in the disorder. Due to its effects on self-image and fertility issues, PCOS can also have a negative influence on emotional and psychological health, including anxiety and sadness. Insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease have all been linked to PCOS as long-term health hazards. In addition, women with PCOS may have trouble getting pregnant and are more likely to experience pregnancy-related issues such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.
A complete medical history, physical examination, and blood testing to measure hormone levels are required for the diagnosis of PCOS. The ovaries can be seen and cysts can be found with an ultrasound. The goal of PCOS management is to treat specific symptoms while lowering the likelihood of long-term problems. To increase insulin sensitivity and hormone levels, it is frequently advised to make lifestyle modifications including eating healthier and exercising frequently.
Depending on the exact symptoms, PCOS treatment options may include hormonal birth control to control menstrual cycles, anti-androgen drugs to reduce excessive hair growth and acne, and drugs to aid in ovulation induction for those attempting to conceive. For managing the emotional effects of the disease, psychological support and counseling may also be helpful.
In conclusion, PCOS is a common hormonal condition that affects women who are fertile. It can have serious effects on both physical and mental well-being and manifests as a variety of symptoms linked to hormonal imbalances. For women with PCOS to reduce long-term health risks and enhance their quality of life, early diagnosis and effective management are essential.
Why PCOS is linked with Type 2- Diabetes?
Insulin resistance, a major contributor to the emergence of type 2 diabetes, is more likely to occur in women with PCOS. When the body’s cells stop responding to the effects of insulin, a hormone that aids in controlling blood sugar levels, insulin resistance arises. The pancreas generates more insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels in order to make up for this decreased sensitivity. But with time, the pancreas can find it difficult to meet the demand, which could result in type 2 diabetes-related elevated blood sugar levels. Women with PCOS often have higher levels of androgens (male hormones) and insulin in their bodies. These hormonal imbalances are thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Additionally, excess weight and obesity, which are common in women with PCOS, further increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Additionally, the signs of PCOS can worsen if there is insulin resistance present. Increased testosterone production brought on by insulin resistance can exacerbate acne and hirsutism (excessive hair growth). It can also interfere with menstruation and ovulation cycles, making reproductive problems in PCOS-affected women even more challenging. Women with PCOS must be careful about their metabolic health given the connection between PCOS and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes can be prevented or managed early with regular blood glucose monitoring and early diagnosis of any irregularities. A good diet, frequent exercise, and keeping a healthy weight are other lifestyle changes that can help PCOS-afflicted women with insulin sensitivity and lower their chance of developing type 2 diabetes. To control insulin resistance and stop the onset of diabetes in some people, doctors may give drugs like metformin. Working closely with their medical team is essential for PCOS sufferers to treat both the metabolic and reproductive effects of the disorder. Women with PCOS can enhance their general health and lessen the long-term side effects of these illnesses by treating insulin resistance and any possible diabetes risk.
Women with PCOS who have type 2 diabetes can receive treatment at Vivekananda Hospital using a thorough and multidisciplinary approach. In the beginning, the hospital can establish specialized clinics or departments that concentrate on reproductive endocrinology and metabolic diseases, where skilled endocrinologists and gynecologists collaborate to provide individualized care. To early detect PCOS-affected women at risk of type 2 diabetes, the hospital can undertake routine health screenings and testing. The prompt intervention and lifestyle advice are made possible by this proactive strategy. Vivekananda Hospital’s nutritionists and dietitians can develop customized meal plans for patients and inform them about the value of maintaining a healthy weight and eating a balanced diet in treating insulin resistance.
Exercise is essential for enhancing insulin sensitivity and general health. Vivekananda Hospital can provide fitness coaching and exercise programs to help PCOS-afflicted ladies to partake in regular physical activity that is appropriate for their particular requirements and abilities. Additionally, the hospital can give patients access to therapy or support groups that deal with the emotional and psychological elements of having PCOS and diabetes. Psychological support can encourage adherence to treatment plans and help patients manage the difficulties of managing chronic diseases. In addition, Vivekananda Hospital can provide medical therapies like metformin or insulin-sensitizing drugs, as well as hormonal therapies to control PCOS patients’ menstrual cycles and testosterone levels. The medical staff at the hospital can keep tabs on the patients’ development and modify treatment programs as necessary.
